Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. (Source: USGS). 0000001861 00000 n X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 61 33 0000004457 00000 n 61 0 obj <> endobj xref minutes and P waves 8 minutes to 0000001533 00000 n Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. epicenter of an earthquake, how The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). Seismic Waves. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. distance = travel time for S waves Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. 0000000856 00000 n We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. What is an earthquake? Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Thanks for your feedback! A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. atrial depolarization. Thanks for your feedback! 4. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable All rights reserved. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. 1. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream 0000007783 00000 n (Grades 6 - 8). Do you agree with this alignment? /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? For example, 0000001675 00000 n Quick Tips. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. H\0y Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. epicenter, the longer the lag time measured The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. Last updated November 26, 2013. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). 0000001143 00000 n Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Upload a document. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? $8.25. aqmd. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare 0000006011 00000 n and S waves to travel any distance up to This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. %PDF-1.4 % This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream 0000000956 00000 n 0000002009 00000 n Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. You can also download it, export it or print it out. to the lag time measured at this location? 0000009174 00000 n Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 0000003991 00000 n Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. 0000001604 00000 n Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. (Grades 9 - 12). Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. Three seismographs are needed. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' Finding the Epicenter. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. 0000103591 00000 n 0000055643 00000 n Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. Cross), Give Me Liberty! I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. 5 4. longer or shorter). The time 2. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Therefore, the lag Share with Classes. If your seismograph station is U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are 0000002840 00000 n The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. What are those limits? Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. 0000000016 00000 n Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? 9 - www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. What is an earthquake? If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. at that station. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. 0000004769 00000 n Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! For this activity, select the "Chile" box. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. HS-PS4-1. Reading Strategy. 0000002507 00000 n 0000007097 00000 n 0000004060 00000 n different types of seismic waves. farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. 0000033429 00000 n Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), 0000001978 00000 n To complete the activity, some prior . 0000001736 00000 n We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. 0000001746 00000 n Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. 0000003254 00000 n S waves. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? graph. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. 1. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. (Grades Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Figure 2. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. Focus. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. seismogram. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Add to Library. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. The vertical lines, spaced one You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA (Figure 3):. 0 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . 0000005081 00000 n As the drum rotated, the 0000030240 00000 n 0000078169 00000 n
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